Poor roads—with potholes, uneven surfaces, or high roughness—noticeably increase vehicle fuel consumption. An issue in Israel. The main mechanism is Pavement-Vehicle-Interaction (PVI): Uneven surfaces increase rolling resistance, lead to energy losses in tires and suspension (dissipation through vibrations), and cause more frequent braking and accelerating. The engine compensates for these losses, raising consumption. Scientific studies … Continue reading Poor Roads and Aggressive Driving causes Substantial Higher Fuel Consumption in Israel →